Optimizing source and receiver placement in multistatic sonar networks to monitor fixed targets

Multistatic sonar networks consisting of non-collocated sources and receivers are a promising development in sonar systems, but they present distinct mathematical challenges compared to the monostatic case in which each source is collocated with a receiver. This paper is the first to consider the optimal placement of both sources and receivers to monitor a given set of target locations. Prior publications have only considered optimal placement of one type of sensor, given a fixed placement of the other type. We first develop two integer linear programs capable of optimally placing both sources and receivers within a discrete set of locations. Although these models are capable of placing both sources and receivers to any degree of optimality desired by the user, their computation times may be unacceptably long for some applications. To address this issue, we then develop a two-step heuristic process, Adapt-LOC, that quickly selects positions for both sources and receivers, but with no guarantee of optimality. Based on this, we also create an iterative approach, Iter-LOC, which leads to a locally optimal placement of both sources and receivers, at the cost of larger computation times relative to Adapt-LOC. Finally, we perform computational experiments demonstrating that the newly developed algorithms constitute a powerful portfolio of tools, enabling the user to slect an appropriate level of solution quality, given the available time to perform computations. Our experiments include three real-world case studies.     

第八讲水声通信及其研究进展

水声通信是当前唯一可在水下进行远程信息传输的通信形式，由于其在民用和军事上都有重大意义，水声通信的研究一直是国内外研究的热点．文章介绍了水声通信的特点、系统组成、发展历史和国内外的发展现状，最后简要介绍了文章作者在高速水声通信研究方面的成果和进展．     

反射声波成像测井的有限元模拟

应用有限元法对新兴的反射声波成像测井进行了数值模拟研究，计算了井旁附近存在不同倾角声阻抗不连续界面对声波的反射，使用的井内激励源为幅度加权相控线阵声波辐射器。从计算出的声全波波形上可以清楚地看到沿井壁传播的折射波和来自井旁界面的反射纵波。应用偏移叠加等数据处理技术对数值模拟波形进行了处理，从偏移剖面上反演出的反射界面的尺寸、位置和倾角等几何特性与数值模拟输入参数基本一致。     

一种高稳定、高分辨率的光纤位移检测系统

介绍一种大量程、高分辨率、高稳定的光纤传感位移测量系统。该系统基于反射式强度调制机制,由光发射机、传感器、光接收机三部分组成。系统通过采用调制、解调、窄带滤波,信号支路和参考支路双通道相比测量等技术措施,来保证系统的高稳定性和高分辨率。实验还表明测量中应尽量使用朗伯特平面作为光反射面,以解决二次安装的重复性问题。     

Accumulative uncertainties in the quantitative evaluation of signals from fish

The accuracy of the acoustical method used in quantitative assessment of fish populations is mainly dependent on the measurement of the time varying echo signals and the evaluation of the fish target strengths. Various types of accumulative uncertainties involved in the measurement and estimation of different physical variables associated with the two way propagation of the acoustic signals between the fish target and the echo sounder system are investigated in this paper. The accumulative uncertainties are so high that an attempt to obtain an accuracy of, say, 0.5 dB in the conventional target strength calibration routines would have little meaning for any practical fishstock assessment survey. A new dynamic calibration method is proposed and discussed.     

Kings and serfs in oriented graphs

In this paper, we extend the concept of kings and serfs in tournaments to that of weak kings and weak serfs in oriented graphs. We obtain various results on the existence of weak kings (weak serfs) in oriented graphs, and show the existence of n-oriented graphs containing exactly k weak kings (weak serfs), 1 ≤ k ≤ n. Also, we give the existence of n-oriented graphs containing exactly k weak kings and exactly s weak serfs such that b weak kings from k are also weak serfs.      

海豚声纳信号的脉冲分解及特征分析

提出一种海豚声纳目标探测脉冲串信号的脉冲分解方法,在此基础上对海豚声纳脉冲信号的特征进行了分析,其中包括脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔以及脉冲的时间分辨率和频率分辨率,并采用耳蜗滤波对海豚声纳脉冲串信号的时频特征进行了分析。分析结果表明,探测目标的过程中,根据目标距离的不同,海豚会自适应调节脉冲信号的发射频率和信号形式。     

基于改进动态规划的主动声纳序列图像检测方法

动态规划是序列图像小目标检测的常用方法,该方法假设各帧图像间目标转移过程为马尔可夫过程,将能量累积计算量由原本的按图像帧数幂指数增长变为成倍增长,大大减小了计算量,使计算目标多帧累积能量变为可能。为了提高算法检测能力,该文根据动态规划算法原理及惩罚函数特点对算法进行了改进,使原本的二阶规划过程变为三阶,使指标函数更加有效地累积,有效提高了相同虚警概率下的检测概率。还利用该算法设计了主动声纳序列图像检测过程,并进行了仿真,验证了算法的有效性。     

AUV双基地合成孔径声呐成像实验*

单基地合成孔径声呐成像通常基于点目标假设,其相干积累处理不能克服分布型目标散射模式的起伏效应。收发异置的双基地声呐可以从不同角度观察目标,充分挖掘目标散射模式的角度依赖特性,在对水下目标(尤其人造目标)检测与定位方面,相对仅仅观测后向散射的单基地声呐有潜在的优势。该文 介绍一种基于自主水下航行器的双基地合成孔径声呐系统,重点介绍湖试成像的结果,验证双基地合成孔径声呐的可行性。同时通过引入目标散射模式建模的宽角度合成孔径声呐处理,实现了对目标探测性能的提升。